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Alexander Prokhorov
Alexander Mikhaylovich Prokhorov, or Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov,〔 ((ロシア語:Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Про́хоров); 11 July 1916 – 8 January 2002) was a Soviet physicist known for his pioneering research on lasers and masers for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Charles Hard Townes and Nikolay Basov.
==Early life==
Prokhorov was born in 1916 in Atherton, Queensland, Australia, to a family of Russian revolutionaries who emigrated from Russia to escape repression by the tsarist government. In 1923, after the October Revolution, they returned to Russia. In 1934, Prokhorov entered the Saint Petersburg State University to study physics. He graduated with honors in 1939 and moved to Moscow to work at the Lebedev Physical Institute, in the oscillations laboratory headed by academician N. D. Papaleksi. His research there was devoted to propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere. At the onset of World War II in the Soviet Union, in June 1941, he joined the Red Army. During World War II, Prokhorov fought in the infantry, was wounded twice in battles, and was awarded three medals, including the Medal For Courage in 1946.〔 He was demobilized in 1944 and returned to the Lebedev Institute where, in 1946, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on "Theory of Stabilization of Frequency of a Tube Oscillator in the Theory of a Small Parameter".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aleksandr M. Prokhorov - Biographical )〕〔(Прохоров Александр Михайлович ) in Great Soviet Encyclopedia 〕〔
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